Working Theory - Magnetic Dipole Contours

By M. Snyder

Remember Birefringence? Some crystals have a different speeds of light based on the
direction and polarization of the light ray. Basically you have an ordinary ray moving at one speed and an extraordinary ray moving at another speed of light.

Since the 1800’s Birefringence has been studied. For example, the Faraday Effect was
studied by Michael Faraday in 1845. He was able to rotate polarizations of a light waves using transparent dielectric materials and a strong magnetic field.

So, a molecule can act as an optical component via optical anisotropy, and a group of molecules can vary the refractive index for lights incident normally to the film. The conclusion is that light within a liquid based lens can be directed into circles or even spirographs by the externally aligned optical elements in the liquid.


M. Snyder

To read further on his experiment results, you can file his paper "Magnetic Dipole Contours" in 'hadron' folder of sciprint.org, or visit his video site in this URL:

http://sirzerp.blip.tv/posts?view=archive&nsfw=dc

Pioneer Anomaly and Hubble Constant

Marco wrote:


I presented a solution to the Pioneer Anomaly and sent the paper to the
authors of the Pioneer Anomaly paper.

My calculation led me to a correction to Hubble equation and to the age of
the Universe (real age as opposed to what one can observe).

The perceived slowing down of Pioneer is due to the curvature of the 3D
Hypersphere within the 4D Spatial Manifold where our 3D Universe is
embedded.

It just happens that one has to make adjustments to the Hubble equation to
calculate red-shifting for different epochs of the evolution of the
Universe.

The calculation and paper are presented within my site.

I wrote this blog about the red shift and the required modification to the
Hubble Constant equation.

http://hypergeometricaluniverse.blogspot.com/2008/09/pioneer-anomaly_24.html

The maximum red shift depends upon when the first star started shinning
since it defines the angle of observation. This is a simple geometrical
arguments.

The paper is interesting in the sense that it introduces rotation to the
whole Universe. The same result would be expected if one consider that the
3D Universe is a light speed expanding Hypersphere as I proposed. My
proposition has the advantage of not offending conservation of energy (Tired
Photon Paradigm).

MP


Visit:
http://hypergeometricaluniverse.blogspot.com/2008/09/pioneer-anomaly_24.html

FIRST SIGHTING

Nov 13th 2008


Planets are seen outside the Solar System

A FEW grainy smudges and computer-generated blobs are not much to look
at. But these are the first images of planets outside the Solar System,
or exoplanets as they are called. The star they are orbiting, the mass
of blobs seen in the picture, is known only as HR 8799. It is 128 light
years from Earth, and is just visible to the naked eye in the
constellation of Pegasus. The three red dots, marked b, c and d, are
exoplanets.

Since the 1990s more than 300 exoplanets have been found and the number
is growing. However, their presence can usually only be inferred
through the gravitational influences they have on their nearby star.
Images of the three planets at HR 8799, however, were captured directly
using two high-altitude telescopes in Hawaii.

This was quite a feat as the intense light from the star normally
obscures the subtle visual details necessary to distinguish a planet.
However Christian Marois, of the NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics
in Canada and his colleagues, developed a computer processing technique
that was able to separate the light from HR 8799 from the light the
planets are emitting--they are still so young that they are glowing
from heat left over from their formation about 60m years ago. Compared
with Earth, which is about 4.5 billion years old, these are newly
minted.

The three planets are all relatively large, having masses between five
and 13 times that of Jupiter, according to a report published in
SCIENCE this week. The smallest exoplanet is closest to the sun and the
largest is the farthest away, which is interesting to astronomers
because it resembles a scaled up version of the outer part of the Solar
System. This lends support to current theories of planetary formation.
Planets are believed to emerge from the accretion of particles in a
disk of gas and dust as they whirl around the star. The next step is to
look at the chemical composition of these planets, their cloud
structures and their thermal properties.


See this article with graphics and related items at http://www.economist.com/science/displayStory.cfm?source=hptextfeature&story_id=12592240

Photo captures 3 planets by distant sun

The tech­nol­o­gy for pho­tograph­ing plan­ets in dis­tant so­lar sys­tems is mak­ing strides, as­tro­no­mers say, with new im­ages in­clud­ing one that shows three worlds around a young star.

As­t­ro­phys­i­cist C. Marois and col­leagues said they found the plan­ets—which appeared as tiny dots by the star HR 8799—using the Keck and Gem­i­ni North tele­scopes on Mau­na Kea in Ha­waii.

Be­fore now, as­tro­no­mers had re­ported pho­tograph­ing just one plan­et of a star oth­er than our sun. Oth­er de­tec­tions of such ob­jects had been done through stu­dy­ing their gravita­t­ional ef­fects rath­er than through im­ag­ing, which is dif­fi­cult be­cause the star­light tends to over­whelm any light from the plan­ets.

source: http://www.world-science.net/exclusives/081113_planet-image

Neil Armstrong donating his papers to Purdue

Armstrong's papers, boxes of which have already begun arriving at Purdue, will be an inspiration for students and invaluable for researchers, said Sammie Morris, assistant professor of library science and head of Purdue Libraries' Archives and Special Collections.

"For researchers, it's going to be a boon. No one has been able to research these papers or study them," Morris said.

Armstrong's papers and Hansen's interviews will serve as the starting point for Purdue Libraries' effort to build a comprehensive flight collection. They'll be housed in a special collection that also holds papers and artifacts related to aviator Amelia Earhart, who vanished in 1937 while attempting to fly around the world.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20081101/ap_on_sc/purdue_armstrong_papers

Signs of Late Volcanism Seen on Moon

olcanic activity on the far side of the moon may have lasted longer than previously thought, recent images from a Japanese lunar satellite suggest.

The finding, detailed in the Nov. 7 issue of the journal Science, could help shed light on the moon's formation and evolution.

Scientists think that the moon formed when a rogue planet about the size of Mars crashed into Earth and ripped out a chunk of the planet's molten mantle. Some of the material from that chunk began to orbit Earth, gradually cooling over millions of years to form the moon.

The lunar surface is dead now, but over the millions of intervening years since it formed, it experienced bouts of volcanic activity.

Scientists have studied lunar volcanic features, the most common of which are mare (dark "seas") basalts, from orbit to determine when they formed. Radiogenic dating is the best way to date mineral deposits, but samples from the moon's surface are limited, and come only from a few locations on the moon's nearside.

Another way to estimate the age of volcanic features is to count the number of impact craters they have: the younger the feature, the fewer the craters that mark its surface.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/s/space/20081106/sc_space/signsoflatevolcanismseenonmoon;_ylt=Aj88A7s.nQ75skuj01_Q02ZxieAA

New Flares of Activity Spotted on the Sun

After more than two years of very low sunspot activity and hardly any flares, the sun is ramping up activity now.

The sun's activity ebbs and flows on a roughly 11-year cycle. It can range from very quiet to violent space storms that knock out power grids on Earth and disrupt radio and satellite communications. The last peak was in 2000, and scientists have in recent months figured the low point was occurring. Fresh sunspots during October suggest the corner has been turned.

"I think solar minimum is behind us," said D. Hathaway of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. "Last month we counted five sunspot groups." he says.

Sunspots are cool areas on the solar surface where magnetic energy is bottled up. While five groups is not extraordinary, it is significant in comparison to the months of virtually no spots.

"This represents a real increase in solar activity," Hathaway said in a statement today.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/s/space/20081107/sc_space/newflaresofactivityspottedonthesun;_ylt=AhrfmE0JICCxrNeBrzyLqHRxieAA

Doorstep Astronomy: The Autumn Dipper

High overhead around the 8 p.m. local standard time is a bright configuration of stars that people unfamiliar with the sky often mistake for the Big Dipper. Big it is, but – at least in an official sense – a dipper it is not.

This large figure is not usually described as a dipper in most stargazing guides; you shouldn't expect to find any recognized authority for this Autumn Dipper. Truth be told, when starry dippers are mentioned, most people immediately think of the Big Dipper and the Little Dipper in the northern sky, and perhaps even the inverted Milk Dipper in Sagittarius.

The Autumn Dipper, in fact, looks like a much larger and brighter version of the Little Dipper.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/s/space/20081107/sc_space/doorstepastronomytheautumndipper;_ylt=At4_ZwHqYHCu1FOS7hV5EatxieAA

NASA regains contact with Mars spacecraft

LOS ANGELES – NASA's Phoenix Mars spacecraft regained contact with Earth more than a day after falling silent, but its days operating on the red planet are still numbered, mission managers said Thursday.

Waning sunlight and a dust storm this week drained the lander's power, forcing it to go into safe mode. It failed to respond to two wake-up calls from Earth but sent a signal late Thursday when the orbiting Odyssey spacecraft passed overhead.


Source: http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20081031/ap_on_sc/phoenix_mars

Two asteroid belts for solar system's young twin

A nearby star has two rocky belts, an outer icy ring
and probably unseen planets, researchers say.

The near­by star Ep­si­lon Erid­a­ni has two rocky as­ter­oid belts and an out­er icy ring, mak­ing it a triple-ring sys­tem, as­tro­no­mers have found.

The in­ner as­ter­oid belt is de­scribed as a near-twin of the one in our so­lar sys­tem. The out­er as­ter­oid belt holds 20 times more ma­te­ri­al, as­tro­no­mers said, and the three rings’ pres­ence im­plies that un­seen plan­ets con­fine and shape them.

Ep­si­lon Erid­a­ni and its plan­e­tary sys­tem show re­mark­a­ble si­m­i­lar­i­ties to our so­lar sys­tem at a com­pa­ra­ble age, re­search­ers said.

It’s like “a time ma­chine to look at our so­lar sys­tem when it was young,” said Mas­si­mo Ma­ren­go of the Har­vard-Smith­son­ian Cen­ter for As­t­ro­phys­ics. Ma­ren­go is co-author of a pa­per on the find­ings, to ap­pear in the Jan. 10 is­sue of The As­t­ro­phys­i­cal Jour­nal.

Source: http://www.world-science.net/othernews/081027_eridani

Quantization in Astrophysics book at scribd.com

Our previous common books are now available at scribd.com:

* Hadron models and New Energy issues
http://www.scribd.com/share/upload/5085329/cmts52l67rvkf48fczv

* Quantization in Astrophysics, Brownian Motion and Supersymmetry
http://www.scribd.com/share/upload/5085507/yyii3qp97z1hhq4pss1

The same Quantization book is also being reviewed by VINITI

========================
> > From: M.Lou
> > Subject: Progress in Physics & Quantization book
> reviewed in Russia by VINITI
> > To: "Florentin Smarandache"
> > Date: Thursday, October 30, 2008, 12:36 PM
> > > All-RUSSIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
>
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